In a recent study, investigators discovered that a particular gene is responsible for social behavior, influencing one’s capacity to form long-term relationships. The OXT gene secretes the hormone oxytocin. Former studies have found an association between this particular hormone and severe social behaviors. Oxytocin is otherwise known as the “love hormone.”
Scientists from the University of Georgia observed over 120 subjects who underwent genetic tests using saliva samples. Social skills, brain function, and structure were measured. Researchers presented video clips of people’s emotional expressions to gauge whether test subjects could identify each particular one. Scientists used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe reactions.
The examination’s results could help explain why some people have an easier time in forming long-lasting relationships versus those who don’t. Subjects with low OXT gene activity correlated with difficulty in identifying emotional states and were more apt to have anxiety over the relationships with people they love.
The fMRI images revealed that volunteers with low-OXT gene responses had less gray matter in the region of the brain that controls social thinking. “All of our tests indicate that the OXT gene plays an important role in social behavior and brain function,” said study lead and psychology assistant professor Brian Haas.
The research group also examined how methylation, a chemical that can reduce certain gene expressions, affects the OXT gene. “When methylation increases on the OXT gene, this may correspond to a reduction in this gene’s activity. Our study shows that this can have a profound impact on social behaviors,” noted Haas.